About self-esteem
Low self-esteem affects how we see ourselves, our relationships and our decisions. Therapy helps identify self-critical thoughts, recognise strengths and build a more realistic and kind relationship with yourself.
Psychoanalysts work with psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapy, which explores how past experiences and unconscious patterns shape present feelings and relationships. It is usually a longer, in-depth process. Training and titles vary by country: check each professional’s background.
Getting mental health care in Bosnia & Herzegovina
Public health system · Entity public health systems (Federation of BiH, Republika Srpska, Brčko District)
Public mental health care is delivered through a network of community mental health centres (centri za mentalno zdravlje), usually attached to primary health care centres, together with family medicine teams. Teams typically include a psychiatrist, a psychologist, a nurse and a social worker. Services are paid for by the mandatory health insurance funds, which are organised separately in each entity.
How to check that a professional is licensed
- Medical chambers (Ljekarska komora in the Federation of BiH; Komora doktora medicine in Republika Srpska). In the Federation of BiH, doctors must register with the competent medical chamber and may practise independently only within the specialty named on their chamber licence. In Republika Srpska, the Komora doktora medicine keeps a record of its members.
- No statutory regulator yet (Federation of BiH draft law on psychologists). A law to regulate the work of psychologists in the Federation of BiH was still a draft in public consultation in mid-2025. Ask about the psychologist's degree and supervised clinical training.
Urgent help in Bosnia & Herzegovina
If your life or someone else's is in danger, call the emergency number now. These services can help at any time:
- 124 · Ambulancia (Hitna pomoć)
Information reviewed in November 2026 · Sources: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, mz.ks.gov.ba, paragraf.ba, paragraf.ba
Signs to look out for
Everyone doubts themselves sometimes. Low self-esteem may be holding you back when you are constantly self-critical, feel you are not good enough whatever you achieve, compare yourself unfavourably with others, struggle to accept compliments, avoid challenges for fear of failing, find it hard to say no, or feel that others’ opinions define your worth. It often accompanies anxiety or low mood.
What helps: treatments and professionals
Psychologists and psychotherapists can help you identify where your harsh inner voice comes from and develop a kinder, more realistic view of yourself. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), compassion-focused therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and schema therapy are commonly used. Work on assertiveness and boundaries is often included. If low self-esteem relates to body image or eating, specialised support may be needed.
When to seek urgent help
Low self-esteem alone is rarely an emergency, but it can come with depression. If feelings of worthlessness lead to thoughts of harming yourself or ending your life, contact your local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department immediately. Seek prompt help too if you are being bullied, harassed or abused, or if you are restricting food or self-harming.
What you can do in the meantime
Notice your inner critic and ask whether you would speak to a friend that way. Write down small achievements and qualities others appreciate in you. Spend time with people who treat you well and reduce exposure to content that makes you compare yourself. Try small challenges, practise saying no in low-stakes situations, and look after your body with rest and movement.
What does a psychoanalyst do?
A psychoanalyst works with people who want to explore how early experiences, desires, conflicts and unconscious patterns influence how they feel, relate and choose today. Day to day they listen closely, help connect present difficulties with personal history, and pay attention to dreams, repetitions and the relationship with the analyst. Sessions are usually frequent and the process tends to be long-term.
When to see a psychoanalyst
Psychoanalysis or psychodynamic therapy may suit you if you notice repeating patterns in relationships, a persistent sense of emptiness or dissatisfaction, or want to understand yourself in depth and are open to a longer process. If you need quick relief for a specific symptom, such as panic attacks or a phobia, a structured approach like CBT may be more appropriate first.
How to choose
When choosing, check the licence and training, the approach they use and whether they have experience with what you need. Consider practical aspects too: language, price, location or online sessions and availability. The relationship with the professional matters a great deal; if after a few sessions it does not feel right, it is fine to change.
Frequently asked questions
Does the public health system in Bosnia & Herzegovina cover psychological care?
Public mental health care is delivered through a network of community mental health centres (centri za mentalno zdravlje), usually attached to primary health care centres, together with family medicine teams. Teams typically include a psychiatrist, a psychologist, a nurse and a social worker. Services are paid for by the mandatory health insurance funds, which are organised separately in each entity.
How do I check that a psychoanalyst is licensed in Bosnia & Herzegovina?
Medical chambers (Ljekarska komora in the Federation of BiH; Komora doktora medicine in Republika Srpska): In the Federation of BiH, doctors must register with the competent medical chamber and may practise independently only within the specialty named on their chamber licence. In Republika Srpska, the Komora doktora medicine keeps a record of its members.