About self-esteem
Low self-esteem affects how we see ourselves, our relationships and our decisions. Therapy helps identify self-critical thoughts, recognise strengths and build a more realistic and kind relationship with yourself.
Psychoanalysts work with psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapy, which explores how past experiences and unconscious patterns shape present feelings and relationships. It is usually a longer, in-depth process. Training and titles vary by country: check each professional’s background.
Getting mental health care in Switzerland
Public health system · Mandatory basic health insurance (OKP/LAMal)
Since 1 July 2022 psychological psychotherapy is paid by basic health insurance when prescribed by a doctor (Anordnungsmodell). A prescription covers 15 sessions, a further 15 can be prescribed, and after 30 sessions the insurer must approve continuation; the usual deductible and co-payment apply. More information
How to check that a professional is licensed
- Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH/BAG), Psychology Professions Register PsyReg (Psychology Professions Act, PsyG); cantonal practice licences. The title psychologist is protected by federal law. PsyReg lists holders of federal postgraduate titles (psychotherapy, clinical psychology, neuropsychology, child and youth psychology, health psychology) and shows whether a psychotherapist is licensed to practise on their own responsibility. Search the official register
- Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH/BAG), Medical Professions Register MedReg. Doctors, including psychiatrists, are listed in the federal medical professions register MedReg with their specialist titles.
Insurance and coverage
Basic insurance covers doctor-prescribed psychological psychotherapy by PsyReg-listed psychotherapists, 15 sessions per prescription and up to 30 before insurer approval is needed, subject to deductible and co-payment.
Urgent help in Switzerland
If your life or someone else's is in danger, call the emergency number now. These services can help at any time:
- 144 · Ambulancia (Sanitätsnotruf)
- 143 · Die Dargebotene Hand / La Main Tendue / Telefono Amico – 143
- 0800 143 000 · Heart2Heart English Hotline
Information reviewed in November 2026 · Sources: bag.admin.ch, bag.admin.ch, newsd.admin.ch, comparis.ch
Signs to look out for
Everyone doubts themselves sometimes. Low self-esteem may be holding you back when you are constantly self-critical, feel you are not good enough whatever you achieve, compare yourself unfavourably with others, struggle to accept compliments, avoid challenges for fear of failing, find it hard to say no, or feel that others’ opinions define your worth. It often accompanies anxiety or low mood.
What helps: treatments and professionals
Psychologists and psychotherapists can help you identify where your harsh inner voice comes from and develop a kinder, more realistic view of yourself. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), compassion-focused therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and schema therapy are commonly used. Work on assertiveness and boundaries is often included. If low self-esteem relates to body image or eating, specialised support may be needed.
When to seek urgent help
Low self-esteem alone is rarely an emergency, but it can come with depression. If feelings of worthlessness lead to thoughts of harming yourself or ending your life, contact your local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department immediately. Seek prompt help too if you are being bullied, harassed or abused, or if you are restricting food or self-harming.
What you can do in the meantime
Notice your inner critic and ask whether you would speak to a friend that way. Write down small achievements and qualities others appreciate in you. Spend time with people who treat you well and reduce exposure to content that makes you compare yourself. Try small challenges, practise saying no in low-stakes situations, and look after your body with rest and movement.
What does a psychoanalyst do?
A psychoanalyst works with people who want to explore how early experiences, desires, conflicts and unconscious patterns influence how they feel, relate and choose today. Day to day they listen closely, help connect present difficulties with personal history, and pay attention to dreams, repetitions and the relationship with the analyst. Sessions are usually frequent and the process tends to be long-term.
When to see a psychoanalyst
Psychoanalysis or psychodynamic therapy may suit you if you notice repeating patterns in relationships, a persistent sense of emptiness or dissatisfaction, or want to understand yourself in depth and are open to a longer process. If you need quick relief for a specific symptom, such as panic attacks or a phobia, a structured approach like CBT may be more appropriate first.
How to choose
When choosing, check the licence and training, the approach they use and whether they have experience with what you need. Consider practical aspects too: language, price, location or online sessions and availability. The relationship with the professional matters a great deal; if after a few sessions it does not feel right, it is fine to change.
Frequently asked questions
Does the public health system in Switzerland cover psychological care?
Since 1 July 2022 psychological psychotherapy is paid by basic health insurance when prescribed by a doctor (Anordnungsmodell). A prescription covers 15 sessions, a further 15 can be prescribed, and after 30 sessions the insurer must approve continuation; the usual deductible and co-payment apply.
How do I check that a psychoanalyst is licensed in Switzerland?
Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH/BAG), Psychology Professions Register PsyReg (Psychology Professions Act, PsyG); cantonal practice licences: The title psychologist is protected by federal law. PsyReg lists holders of federal postgraduate titles (psychotherapy, clinical psychology, neuropsychology, child and youth psychology, health psychology) and shows whether a psychotherapist is licensed to practise on their own responsibility.