About phobias
A phobia is an intense, persistent fear of a specific object or situation (flying, animals, heights, blood…) that leads to avoidance. Gradual exposure therapy is highly effective and often requires a limited number of sessions.
Psychologists assess and treat emotional, behavioural and relationship difficulties through psychological therapy. They do not prescribe medication. In many countries clinical practice requires a specific qualification and registration with a licensing body, which Therapy247 checks.
Getting mental health care in Italy
Public health system · Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN)
Public mental health care is provided by local Centri di Salute Mentale (CSM) and consultori, usually with a GP referral and a co-payment (ticket). The means-tested Bonus psicologo contributes up to 50 euros per session.
How to check that a professional is licensed
- Consiglio Nazionale Ordine degli Psicologi (CNOP) and regional Ordini. Practising as a psychologist requires registration in the Albo degli Psicologi; psychotherapists must have an additional annotation after a recognised specialisation. Search the official register
Insurance and coverage
The 2025 Bonus psicologo, applied for via INPS, covered up to 1,500 euros depending on ISEE income, paid at a maximum of 50 euros per session to participating psychotherapists.
Urgent help in Italy
If your life or someone else's is in danger, call the emergency number now. These services can help at any time:
- 112 · Emergencias
- 02 2327 2327 · Telefono Amico Italia
- 06 77208977 · Samaritans Onlus
Information reviewed in November 2026 · Sources: tg24.sky.it, psy.it
Signs to look out for
Fear is normal in dangerous situations. A phobia is an intense, persistent fear of something specific, such as flying, heights, animals, needles, blood or enclosed spaces, that is out of proportion to the real risk. It becomes a problem when you go out of your way to avoid it, feel panic when facing it, or when avoidance limits your work, travel, health care or relationships.
What helps: treatments and professionals
Specific phobias respond very well to cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) with gradual exposure, in which you face the feared situation step by step with support. Exposure can be done in real life, through imagination or, in some cases, with virtual reality. Some phobias can improve with relatively short, intensive treatment. Psychologists and clinical psychologists usually lead this work.
When to seek urgent help
Phobias are rarely emergencies, but a fear of needles, doctors or hospitals should not stop you from getting necessary care; tell health staff so they can help. Contact your local emergency services if fear prevents you from seeking urgent treatment, or if intense panic comes with chest pain or symptoms you have not had before. Seek urgent help for any thoughts of self-harm.
What you can do in the meantime
Avoidance keeps fear alive, so small, planned steps towards what you fear can help, for example looking at pictures before approaching the real thing. Practise slow breathing to manage physical symptoms. Learn reliable facts about the real risk. Ask a supportive person to accompany you, and acknowledge each step forward. If fear is very intense, it is better to do this with a professional.
What does a psychologist do?
A psychologist spends most of the working day talking with people about what worries them and helping them change it. That includes assessing the difficulty, agreeing goals, and using structured psychological techniques in sessions with adults, teenagers, children, couples or families. Between sessions they prepare materials, write notes, and sometimes coordinate with doctors, schools or other professionals, always with your consent.
When to see a psychologist
It makes sense to see a psychologist when anxiety, low mood, stress, relationship problems, a loss or a difficult change start to affect your sleep, work or relationships, or when you simply want to understand yourself better. If symptoms are very severe, you may need medication, or there are signs of a medical cause, a psychiatrist or your doctor should be involved too.
How to choose
When choosing, check the licence and training, the approach they use and whether they have experience with what you need. Consider practical aspects too: language, price, location or online sessions and availability. The relationship with the professional matters a great deal; if after a few sessions it does not feel right, it is fine to change.
Frequently asked questions
Does the public health system in Italy cover psychological care?
Public mental health care is provided by local Centri di Salute Mentale (CSM) and consultori, usually with a GP referral and a co-payment (ticket). The means-tested Bonus psicologo contributes up to 50 euros per session.
How do I check that a psychologist is licensed in Italy?
Consiglio Nazionale Ordine degli Psicologi (CNOP) and regional Ordini: Practising as a psychologist requires registration in the Albo degli Psicologi; psychotherapists must have an additional annotation after a recognised specialisation.